Geography of the market-gardening, the vine-growing and the
fruit-tree growing in BULGARIA
The brown and grey forest
soil in the Rodopi mountains, Rila and Stara planina are very suitable for
growing potatoes, and the forest soils in the East Rodopi mountains, Strandja,
Sredna gora and the gray forest soils in Predbalkana are very good for growing
vineyards, fruit trees, strawberries.
the cultivating of the
permanent crops in Bulgaria is based on the market demands for such a
production on the internal and external markets – which has drops drastically
in the recent years.
out of the various types
of permanent crops, in the country are produced vineyards, fruit trees (apples,
plums, pears, peaches, apricots etc.), strawberries, fruit bushes (raspberries,
blackberries etc.)
the strawberries and the
raspberries are very hard to produce crops, but with excellent taste qualities
and broad application as a raw food for the people, as well as raw material for
the Food and Beverages industry. the main regions of production for those are
Sofia, Razgrad, Gabrovo, Berkovo regions. in the last 10 years the strawberries
areas have been reduced twice, as nowadays the areas with such fruits are
around 15 000 dka. consequently the drop in the strawberries production – around
4 times for that period.
Main regions/districts for fruit trees cultivation in Bulgaria are:
1/. Plovdiv-Pazardjik. It
is specialized in the production of apples, cherries, peaches, plums,
strawberries.
2/. Kiustendil. It is
specialized in the production of apples, cherries, plums (mainly of the type
blue plums), pears.
3/. Middle range of Stara
planina. It is specialized in the production of plums, strawberries, apples,
pears, raspberries. the main centers are Teteven, Troian, Sevlievo, Gabrovo.
Outside the scope of these regions
for fruits trees production, we can highlight the districts Sliven and
Silistra, specialized mainly in growing of peaches and apricots.
Looking into the near
future, we would like to say that a new revival of the fruit trees production
in Bulgaria can be anticipated due to the valuable qualities of the fruits and
the trade demands on the national and international markets.
The export of strawberries after
the year 2000 has dropped significantly. in 2005 we have exported only 50 tons
which is 67 times less than the quantities exported in 2000. the main reason
for this is the nonstop decrease in the production and quality levels
in the years - 2005 и 2006
in Bulgaria have been refrigerated 1 000 tons strawberries which are exported
mainly for Germany, France, UK, Austria.
The
main sorts of strawberries are: Roxana, Pokahontas, Gorela, Holiday, Cambridge,
Favorite, Belrubi, Zenga, Zengana, Bemanil, Redgouland.
Additional sorts are: Vespar, Biliyana,
Mitseshindler.
Out of the main sorts, the biggest share
in the fruit bushes production take: Redgoundland, Cmabridge, Favorite, Zenga,
Zengana.
institutions and
organizations in the field of the biological agriculture in Bulgaria
-Ministry of the agriculture
and the forests (МЗГ)
-Direction
"Development of the rural areas" and its two departments
“Agro-ecology” and “Development of the rural areas and investments
-State fund
"Agriculture"(ДФЗ) with its two branches: “Agency SAPARD” and
“National schemes for support”.
-National bureau for
consultation on questions of the agricultural business, opened in the ministry
of agriculture and forests
-National center for agricultural science
(НЦАН);
-Ministry of the
environment and the waters (МОСВ);
-Executive agency for the
environment;
-The
agrarian university;
-very crucial is the role
of the nongovernmental organizations for the popularization of the philosophy
of the biological agriculture in Bulgaria. (Association for ecological
agriculture ECOFARM, the Foundation for biological agriculture BIOSELENA, the
International federation of social activities for biological agriculture).
Biological production of
strawberry fruits
∙ it is needed to develop
a national strategy in order to surmount the difficulties that we are facing
today in the production of these crops.
in the recent years we are
faced with very high interest towards the biological production of
strawberries, mainly due to the opportunity that it provide to be more
responsible towards preserving the nature – here included the fruits went
through a chemical treatment are very harmful also for all living beings – as
they contain nitrates, heavy metals and pesticides.
indexes
of the prices of strawberries – yearly (2005=100)
|
Year
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
|
|
100
|
119,3
|
131,2
|
94,7
|
116,2
|
Executive Soil
Resources Agency
Executive
Soil Resources Agency (IAPR) was established as a specialized body of the
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) performing specific administrative,
information, expertise and applied research functions and tasks.
REA performed: Soil studies,
analytical studies and applied interpretation necessary for creating and
updating the official information about: the productive, technological and
environmental quality of soil resources, the potential risks of deterioration
of these qualities; conservation of soil damage and restrictions on the use of
soil resources;
Expertise in disputes about the quality of
agricultural land and categorize reclaimed land for agricultural purposes.
Detailed and specialized soil survey of agricultural
lands for the purpose of investment projects. Specialist advice and expertise
on projects and technologies for optimal use, restoration and improvement of
productive properties of soil resources.
Maintenance of State for digital soil map and
categories of agricultural land and construction of geographic information
system for soil resources, as part of the cadastre of the factory MAF;
potential risks of deterioration of these qualities; conservation of soil
damage and restrictions on the use of soil resources;