Tuesday 19 February 2013

Geography of the market-gardening, the vine-growing and the fruit-tree growing in BULGARIA



Geography of the market-gardening, the vine-growing and the fruit-tree growing in BULGARIA

The brown and grey forest soil in the Rodopi mountains, Rila and Stara planina are very suitable for growing potatoes, and the forest soils in the East Rodopi mountains, Strandja, Sredna gora and the gray forest soils in Predbalkana are very good for growing vineyards, fruit trees, strawberries.
the cultivating of the permanent crops in Bulgaria is based on the market demands for such a production on the internal and external markets – which has drops drastically in the recent years.
out of the various types of permanent crops, in the country are produced vineyards, fruit trees (apples, plums, pears, peaches, apricots etc.), strawberries, fruit bushes (raspberries, blackberries etc.)
the strawberries and the raspberries are very hard to produce crops, but with excellent taste qualities and broad application as a raw food for the people, as well as raw material for the Food and Beverages industry. the main regions of production for those are Sofia, Razgrad, Gabrovo, Berkovo regions. in the last 10 years the strawberries areas have been reduced twice, as nowadays the areas with such fruits are around 15 000 dka. consequently the drop in the strawberries production – around 4 times for that period.

Main regions/districts for fruit trees cultivation in Bulgaria are:
1/. Plovdiv-Pazardjik. It is specialized in the production of apples, cherries, peaches, plums,  strawberries.
2/. Kiustendil. It is specialized in the production of apples, cherries, plums (mainly of the type blue plums), pears.
3/. Middle range of Stara planina. It is specialized in the production of plums, strawberries, apples, pears, raspberries. the main centers are Teteven, Troian, Sevlievo, Gabrovo.

Outside the scope of these regions for fruits trees production, we can highlight the districts Sliven and Silistra, specialized mainly in growing of peaches and apricots.
Looking into the near future, we would like to say that a new revival of the fruit trees production in Bulgaria can be anticipated due to the valuable qualities of the fruits and the trade demands on the national and international markets.
The export of strawberries after the year 2000 has dropped significantly. in 2005 we have exported only 50 tons which is 67 times less than the quantities exported in 2000. the main reason for this is the nonstop decrease in the production and quality levels
in the years - 2005 и 2006 in Bulgaria have been refrigerated 1 000 tons strawberries which are exported mainly for Germany, France, UK, Austria.
          
      The main sorts of strawberries are: Roxana, Pokahontas, Gorela, Holiday, Cambridge, Favorite, Belrubi, Zenga, Zengana, Bemanil, Redgouland.
       Additional sorts are: Vespar, Biliyana, Mitseshindler.
      Out of the main sorts, the biggest share in the fruit bushes production take: Redgoundland, Cmabridge, Favorite, Zenga, Zengana.

 institutions and organizations in the field of the biological agriculture in Bulgaria

-Ministry of the agriculture and the forests (МЗГ)
-Direction "Development of the rural areas" and its two departments “Agro-ecology” and “Development of the rural areas and investments
-State fund "Agriculture"(ДФЗ) with its two branches: “Agency SAPARD” and “National schemes for support”.
-National bureau for consultation on questions of the agricultural business, opened in the ministry of agriculture and forests 
 -National center for agricultural science (НЦАН);
-Ministry of the environment and the waters (МОСВ);
-Executive agency for the environment;
-The agrarian university;

-very crucial is the role of the nongovernmental organizations for the popularization of the philosophy of the biological agriculture in Bulgaria. (Association for ecological agriculture ECOFARM, the Foundation for biological agriculture BIOSELENA, the International federation of social activities for biological agriculture).
Biological production of strawberry fruits

∙ it is needed to develop a national strategy in order to surmount the difficulties that we are facing today in the production of these crops. 
in the recent years we are faced with very high interest towards the biological production of strawberries, mainly due to the opportunity that it provide to be more responsible towards preserving the nature – here included the fruits went through a chemical treatment are very harmful also for all living beings – as they contain nitrates, heavy metals and pesticides. 




 indexes of the prices of strawberries – yearly (2005=100)
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

100
119,3
131,2
94,7
116,2








Executive Soil Resources Agency

Executive Soil Resources Agency (IAPR) was established as a specialized body of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) performing specific administrative, information, expertise and applied research functions and tasks.
REA performed: Soil studies, analytical studies and applied interpretation necessary for creating and updating the official information about: the productive, technological and environmental quality of soil resources, the potential risks of deterioration of these qualities; conservation of soil damage and restrictions on the use of soil resources;
Expertise in disputes about the quality of agricultural land and categorize reclaimed land for agricultural purposes.

Detailed and specialized soil survey of agricultural lands for the purpose of investment projects. Specialist advice and expertise on projects and technologies for optimal use, restoration and improvement of productive properties of soil resources.

Maintenance of State for digital soil map and categories of agricultural land and construction of geographic information system for soil resources, as part of the cadastre of the factory MAF; potential risks of deterioration of these qualities; conservation of soil damage and restrictions on the use of soil resources;